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Gotham. Book II.

by Charles Churchill

How much mistaken are the men who think

That all who will, without restraint may drink,

May largely drink, e'en till their bowels burst,

Pleading no right but merely that of thirst,

At the pure waters of the living well,

Beside whose streams the Muses love to dwell!

Verse is with them a knack, an idle toy,

A rattle gilded o'er, on which a boy

May play untaught, whilst, without art or force,

Make it but jingle, music comes of course.

Little do such men know the toil, the pains,

The daily, nightly racking of the brains,

To range the thoughts, the matter to digest,

To cull fit phrases, and reject the rest;

To know the times when Humour on the cheek

Of Mirth may hold her sports; when Wit should speak,

And when be silent; when to use the powers

Of ornament, and how to place the flowers,

So that they neither give a tawdry glare,

'Nor waste their sweetness in the desert air;'

To form, (which few can do, and scarcely one,

One critic in an age, can find when done)

To form a plan, to strike a grand outline,

To fill it up, and make the picture shine

A full and perfect piece; to make coy Rhyme

Renounce her follies, and with Sense keep time;

To make proud Sense against her nature bend,

And wear the chains of Rhyme, yet call her friend.

Some fops there are, amongst the scribbling tribe,

Who make it all their business to describe,

No matter whether in or out of place;

Studious of finery, and fond of lace,

Alike they trim, as coxcomb Fancy brings,

The rags of beggars, and the robes of kings.

Let dull Propriety in state preside

O'er her dull children, Nature is their guide;

Wild Nature, who at random breaks the fence

Of those tame drudges, Judgment, Taste, and Sense,

Nor would forgive herself the mighty crime

Of keeping terms with Person, Place, and Time.

Let liquid gold emblaze the sun at noon,

With borrow'd beams let silver pale the moon;

Let surges hoarse lash the resounding shore,

Let streams meander, and let torrents roar;

Let them breed up the melancholy breeze,

To sigh with sighing, sob with sobbing trees;

Let vales embroidery wear; let flowers be tinged

With various tints; let clouds be laced or fringed,

They have their wish; like idle monarch boys,

Neglecting things of weight, they sigh for toys;

Give them the crown, the sceptre, and the robe,

Who will may take the power, and rule the globe.

Others there are, who, in one solemn pace,

With as much zeal as Quakers rail at lace,

Railing at needful ornament, depend

On Sense to bring them to their journey's end:

They would not (Heaven forbid!) their course delay,

Nor for a moment step out of the way,

To make the barren road those graces wear

Which Nature would, if pleased, have planted there.

Vain men! who, blindly thwarting Nature's plan,

Ne'er find a passage to the heart of man;

Who, bred 'mongst fogs in academic land,

Scorn every thing they do not understand;

Who, destitute of humour, wit, and taste,

Let all their little knowledge run to waste,

And frustrate each good purpose, whilst they wear

The robes of Learning with a sloven's air.

Though solid reasoning arms each sterling line,

Though Truth declares aloud, 'This work is mine,'

Vice, whilst from page to page dull morals creep,

Throws by the book, and Virtue falls asleep.

Sense, mere dull, formal Sense, in this gay town,

Must have some vehicle to pass her down;

Nor can she for an hour insure her reign,

Unless she brings fair Pleasure in her train.

Let her from day to day, from year to year,

In all her grave solemnities appear,

And with the voice of trumpets, through the streets,

Deal lectures out to every one she meets;

Half who pass by are deaf, and t' other half

Can hear indeed, but only hear to laugh.

Quit then, ye graver sons of letter'd Pride!

Taking for once Experience as a guide,

Quit this grand error, this dull college mode;

Be your pursuits the same, but change the road;

Write, or at least appear to write, with ease,

'And if you mean to profit, learn to please.'

In vain for such mistakes they pardon claim,

Because they wield the pen in Virtue's name:

Thrice sacred is that name, thrice bless'd the man

Who thinks, speaks, writes, and lives on such a plan!

This, in himself, himself of course must bless,

But cannot with the world promote success.

He may be strong, but, with effect to speak,

Should recollect his readers may be weak;

Plain, rigid truths, which saints with comfort bear,

Will make the sinner tremble and despair.

True Virtue acts from love, and the great end

At which she nobly aims is to amend.

How then do those mistake who arm her laws

With rigour not their own, and hurt the cause

They mean to help, whilst with a zealot rage

They make that goddess, whom they'd have engage

Our dearest love, in hideous terror rise!

Such may be honest, but they can't be wise.

In her own full and perfect blaze of light,

Virtue breaks forth too strong for human sight;

The dazzled eye, that nice but weaker sense,

Shuts herself up in darkness for defence:

But to make strong conviction deeper sink,

To make the callous feel, the thoughtless think,

Like God, made man, she lays her glory by,

And beams mild comfort on the ravish'd eye:

In earnest most, when most she seems in jest,

She worms into, and winds around, the breast,

To conquer Vice, of Vice appears the friend,

And seems unlike herself to gain her end.

The sons of Sin, to while away the time

Which lingers on their hands, of each black crime

To hush the painful memory, and keep

The tyrant Conscience in delusive sleep,

Read on at random, nor suspect the dart

Until they find it rooted in their heart.

'Gainst vice they give their vote, nor know at first

That, cursing that, themselves too they have cursed;

They see not, till they fall into the snares,

Deluded into virtue unawares.

Thus the shrewd doctor, in the spleen-struck mind,

When pregnant horror sits, and broods o'er wind,

Discarding drugs, and striving how to please,

Lures on insensibly, by slow degrees,

The patient to those manly sports which bind

The slacken'd sinews, and relieve the mind;

The patient feels a change as wrought by stealth,

And wonders on demand to find it health.

Some few, whom Fate ordain'd to deal in rhymes

In other lands, and here, in other times,

Whom, waiting at their birth, the midwife Muse

Sprinkled all over with Castalian dews,

To whom true Genius gave his magic pen,

Whom Art by just degrees led up to men;

Some few, extremes well shunn'd, have steer'd between

These dangerous rocks, and held the golden mean;

Sense in their works maintains her proper state,

But never sleeps, or labours with her weight;

Grace makes the whole look elegant and gay,

But never dares from Sense to run astray:

So nice the master's touch, so great his care,

The colours boldly glow, not idly glare;

Mutually giving and receiving aid,

They set each other off, like light and shade,

And, as by stealth, with so much softness blend,

'Tis hard to say where they begin or end:

Both give us charms, and neither gives offence;

Sense perfects Grace, and Grace enlivens Sense.

Peace to the men who these high honours claim,

Health to their souls, and to their memories fame!

Be it my task, and no mean task, to teach

A reverence for that worth I cannot reach:

Let me at distance, with a steady eye,

Observe and mark their passage to the sky;

From envy free, applaud such rising worth,

And praise their heaven, though pinion'd down to earth!

Had I the power, I could not have the time,

Whilst spirits flow, and life is in her prime,

Without a sin 'gainst Pleasure, to design

A plan, to methodise each thought, each line

Highly to finish, and make every grace,

In itself charming, take new charms from place.

Nothing of books, and little known of men,

When the mad fit comes on, I seize the pen,

Rough as they run, the rapid thoughts set down.

Rough as they run, discharge them on the town.

Hence rude, unfinish'd brats, before their time,

Are born into this idle world of Rhyme,

And the poor slattern Muse is brought to bed

'With all her imperfections on her head.'

Some, as no life appears, no pulses play

Through the dull dubious mass, no breath makes way,

Doubt, greatly doubt, till for a glass they call,

Whether the child can be baptized at all;

Others, on other grounds, objections frame,

And, granting that the child may have a name,

Doubt, as the sex might well a midwife pose,

Whether they should baptize it Verse or Prose.

E'en what my masters please; bards, mild, meek men,

In love to critics, stumble now and then.

Something I do myself, and something too,

If they can do it, leave for them to do.

In the small compass of my careless page

Critics may find employment for an age:

Without my blunders, they were all undone;

I twenty feed, where Mason can feed one.

When Satire stoops, unmindful of her state,

To praise the man I love, curse him I hate;

When Sense, in tides of passion borne along,

Sinking to prose, degrades the name of song,

The censor smiles, and, whilst my credit bleeds,

With as high relish on the carrion feeds

As the proud earl fed at a turtle feast,

Who, turn'd by gluttony to worse than beast,

Ate till his bowels gush'd upon the floor,

Yet still ate on, and dying call'd for more.

When loose Digression, like a colt unbroke,

Spurning Connexion and her formal yoke,

Bounds through the forest, wanders far astray

From the known path, and loves to lose her way,

'Tis a full feast to all the mongrel pack

To run the rambler down, and bring her back.

When gay Description, Fancy's fairy child,

Wild without art, and yet with pleasure wild,

Waking with Nature at the morning hour

To the lark's call, walks o'er the opening flower

Which largely drank all night of heaven's fresh dew,

And, like a mountain nymph of Dian's crew,

So lightly walks, she not one mark imprints,

Nor brushes off the dews, nor soils the tints;

When thus Description sports, even at the time

That drums should beat, and cannons roar in rhyme,

Critics can live on such a fault as that

From one month to the other, and grow fat.

Ye mighty Monthly Judges! in a dearth

Of letter'd blockheads, conscious of the worth

Of my materials, which against your will

Oft you've confess'd, and shall confess it still;

Materials rich, though rude, inflamed with thought,

Though more by Fancy than by Judgment wrought

Take, use them as your own, a work begin

Which suits your genius well, and weave them in,

Framed for the critic loom, with critic art,

Till, thread on thread depending, part on part,

Colour with colour mingling, light with shade,

To your dull taste a formal work is made,

And, having wrought them into one grand piece,

Swear it surpasses Rome, and rivals Greece.

Nor think this much, for at one single word,

Soon as the mighty critic fiat's heard,

Science attends their call; their power is own'd;

Order takes place, and Genius is dethroned:

Letters dance into books, defiance hurl'd

At means, as atoms danced into a world.

Me higher business calls, a greater plan,

Worthy man's whole employ, the good of man,

The good of man committed to my charge:

If idle Fancy rambles forth at large,

Careless of such a trust, these harmless lays

May Friendship envy, and may Folly praise.

The crown of Gotham may some Scot assume,

And vagrant Stuarts reign in Churchill's room!

O my poor People! O thou wretched Earth!

To whose dear love, though not engaged by birth,

My heart is fix'd, my service deeply sworn,

How, (by thy father can that thought be borne?--

For monarchs, would they all but think like me,

Are only fathers in the best degree)

How must thy glories fade, in every land

Thy name be laugh'd to scorn, thy mighty hand

Be shorten'd, and thy zeal, by foes confess'd,

Bless'd in thyself, to make thy neighbours bless'd,

Be robb'd of vigour; how must Freedom's pile,

The boast of ages, which adorns the isle

And makes it great and glorious, fear'd abroad,

Happy at home, secure from force and fraud;

How must that pile, by ancient Wisdom raised

On a firm rock, by friends admired and praised,

Envied by foes, and wonder'd at by all,

In one short moment into ruins fall,

Should any slip of Stuart's tyrant race,

Or bastard or legitimate, disgrace

Thy royal seat of empire! But what care,

What sorrow must be mine, what deep despair

And self-reproaches, should that hated line

Admittance gain through any fault of mine!

Cursed be the cause whence Gotham's evils spring,

Though that cursed cause be found in Gotham's king.

Let War, with all his needy ruffian band,

In pomp of horror stalk through Gotham's land

Knee-deep in blood; let all her stately towers

Sink in the dust; that court which now is ours

Become a den, where beasts may, if they can,

A lodging find, nor fear rebuke from man;

Where yellow harvests rise, be brambles found;

Where vines now creep, let thistles curse the ground;

Dry in her thousand valleys be the rills;

Barren the cattle on her thousand hills;

Where Power is placed, let tigers prowl for prey;

Where Justice lodges, let wild asses bray;

Let cormorants in churches make their nest,

And on the sails of Commerce bitterns rest;

Be all, though princes in the earth before,

Her merchants bankrupts, and her marts no more;

Much rather would I, might the will of Fate

Give me to choose, see Gotham's ruin'd state

By ills on ills thus to the earth weigh'd down,

Than live to see a Stuart wear a crown.

Let Heaven in vengeance arm all Nature's host,

Those servants who their Maker know, who boast

Obedience as their glory, and fulfil,

Unquestion'd, their great Master's sacred will;

Let raging winds root up the boiling deep,

And, with Destruction big, o'er Gotham sweep;

Let rains rush down, till Faith, with doubtful eye,

Looks for the sign of mercy in the sky;

Let Pestilence in all her horrors rise;

Where'er I turn, let Famine blast my eyes;

Let the earth yawn, and, ere they've time to think,

In the deep gulf let all my subjects sink

Before my eyes, whilst on the verge I reel;

Feeling, but as a monarch ought to feel,

Not for myself, but them, I'll kiss the rod,

And, having own'd the justice of my God,

Myself with firmness to the ruin give,

And die with those for whom I wish to live.

This, (but may Heaven's more merciful decrees

Ne'er tempt his servant with such ills as these!)

This, or my soul deceives me, I could bear;

But that the Stuart race my crown should wear,

That crown, where, highly cherish'd, Freedom shone

Bright as the glories of the midday sun;

Born and bred slaves, that they, with proud misrule,

Should make brave freeborn men, like boys at school,

To the whip crouch and tremble--Oh, that thought!

The labouring brain is e'en to madness brought

By the dread vision; at the mere surmise

The thronging spirits, as in tumult, rise;

My heart, as for a passage, loudly beats,

And, turn me where I will, distraction meets.

O my brave fellows! great in arts and arms,

The wonder of the earth, whom glory warms

To high achievements; can your spirits bend,

Through base control (ye never can descend

So low by choice) to wear a tyrant's chain,

Or let, in Freedom's seat, a Stuart reign?

If Fame, who hath for ages, far and wide,

Spread in all realms the cowardice, the pride,

The tyranny and falsehood of those lords,

Contents you not, search England's fair records;

England, where first the breath of life I drew,

Where, next to Gotham, my best love is due;

There once they ruled, though crush'd by William's hand,

They rule no more, to curse that happy land.

The first,[12] who, from his native soil removed,

Held England's sceptre, a tame tyrant proved:

Virtue he lack'd, cursed with those thoughts which spring

In souls of vulgar stamp, to be a king;

Spirit he had not, though he laugh'd at laws.

To play the bold-faced tyrant with applause;

On practices most mean he raised his pride,

And Craft oft gave what Wisdom oft denied.

Ne'er could he feel how truly man is blest

In blessing those around him; in his breast,

Crowded with follies, Honour found no room;

Mark'd for a coward in his mother's womb,

He was too proud without affronts to live,

Too timorous to punish or forgive.

To gain a crown which had, in course of time,

By fair descent, been his without a crime,

He bore a mother's exile; to secure

A greater crown, he basely could endure

The spilling of her blood by foreign knife,

Nor dared revenge her death who gave him life:

Nay, by fond Pear, and fond Ambition led,

Struck hands with those by whom her blood was shed.[13]

Call'd up to power, scarce warm on England's throne,

He fill'd her court with beggars from his own:

Turn where you would, the eye with Scots was caught,

Or English knaves, who would be Scotsmen thought.

To vain expense unbounded loose he gave,

The dupe of minions, and of slaves the slave;

On false pretences mighty sums he raised,

And damn'd those senates rich, whom poor he praised;

From empire thrown, and doom'd to beg her bread,

On foreign bounty whilst a daughter fed,

He lavish'd sums, for her received, on men

Whose names would fix dishonour on my pen.

Lies were his playthings, parliaments his sport;

Book-worms and catamites engross'd the court:

Vain of the scholar, like all Scotsmen since,

The pedant scholar, he forgot the prince;

And having with some trifles stored his brain,

Ne'er learn'd, nor wish'd to learn, the art to reign.

Enough he knew, to make him vain and proud,

Mock'd by the wise, the wonder of the crowd;

False friend, false son, false father,[14] and false king,

False wit, false statesman, and false everything,

When he should act, he idly chose to prate,

And pamphlets wrote, when he should save the state.

Religious, if religion holds in whim;

To talk with all, he let all talk with him;

Not on God's honour, but his own intent,

Not for religion's sake, but argument;

More vain if some sly, artful High-Dutch slave,

Or, from the Jesuit school, some precious knave

Conviction feign'd, than if, to peace restored

By his full soldiership, worlds hail'd him lord.

Power was his wish, unbounded as his will,

The power, without control, of doing ill;

But what he wish'd, what he made bishops preach,

And statesmen warrant, hung within his reach

He dared not seize; Fear gave, to gall his pride,

That freedom to the realm his will denied.

Of treaties fond, o'erweening of his parts,

In every treaty of his own mean arts

He fell the dupe; peace was his coward care,

E'en at a time when Justice call'd for war:

His pen he'd draw to prove his lack of wit,

But rather than unsheath the sword, submit.

Truth fairly must record; and, pleased to live

In league with Mercy, Justice may forgive

Kingdoms betray'd, and worlds resign'd to Spain,

But never can forgive a Raleigh slain.

At length, (with white let Freedom mark that year)

Not fear'd by those whom most he wish'd to fear,

Not loved by those whom most he wish'd to love,

He went to answer for his faults above;

To answer to that God, from whom alone

He claim'd to hold, and to abuse the throne;

Leaving behind, a curse to all his line,

The bloody legacy of Right Divine.[15]

With many virtues which a radiance fling

Round private men; with few which grace a king,

And speak the monarch; at that time of life

When Passion holds with Reason doubtful strife,

Succeeded Charles, by a mean sire undone,

Who envied virtue even in a son.

His youth was froward, turbulent, and wild;

He took the Man up ere he left the Child;

His soul was eager for imperial sway,

Ere he had learn'd the lesson to obey.

Surrounded by a fawning, flattering throng,

Judgment each day grew weak, and humour strong;

Wisdom was treated as a noisome weed,

And all his follies left to run to seed.

What ills from such beginnings needs must spring!

What ills to such a land from such a king!

What could she hope! what had she not to fear!

Base Buckingham[16] possess'd his youthful ear;

Strafford and Laud, when mounted on the throne,

Engross'd his love, and made him all their own;

Strafford and Laud, who boldly dared avow

The traitorous doctrine taught by Tories now;

Each strove to undo him in his turn and hour,

The first with pleasure, and the last with power.

Thinking (vain thought, disgraceful to the throne!)

That all mankind were made for kings alone;

That subjects were but slaves; and what was whim,

Or worse, in common men, was law in him;

Drunk with Prerogative, which Fate decreed

To guard good kings, and tyrants to mislead;

Which in a fair proportion to deny

Allegiance dares not; which to hold too high,

No good can wish, no coward king can dare,

And, held too high, no English subject bear;

Besieged by men of deep and subtle arts,

Men void of principle, and damn'd with parts,

Who saw his weakness, made their king their tool,

Then most a slave, when most he seem'd to rule;

Taking all public steps for private ends,

Deceived by favourites, whom he called friends,

He had not strength enough of soul to find

That monarchs, meant as blessings to mankind,

Sink their great state, and stamp their fame undone,

When what was meant for all, they give to one.

Listening uxorious whilst a woman's prate[17]

Modell'd the church, and parcell'd out the state,

Whilst (in the state not more than women read)

High-churchmen preach'd, and turn'd his pious head;

Tutor'd to see with ministerial eyes;

Forbid to hear a loyal nation's cries;

Made to believe (what can't a favourite do?)

He heard a nation, hearing one or two;

Taught by state-quacks himself secure to think,

And out of danger e'en on danger's brink;

Whilst power was daily crumbling from his hand,

Whilst murmurs ran through an insulted land,

As if to sanction tyrants Heaven was bound,

He proudly sought the ruin which he found.

Twelve years, twelve tedious and inglorious years,[18]

Did England, crush'd by power, and awed by fears,

Whilst proud Oppression struck at Freedom's root,

Lament her senates lost, her Hampden mute.

Illegal taxes and oppressive loans,

In spite of all her pride, call'd forth her groans;

Patience was heard her griefs aloud to tell,

And Loyalty was tempted to rebel.

Each day new acts of outrage shook the state,

New courts were raised to give new doctrines weight;

State inquisitions kept the realm in awe,

And cursed Star-Chambers made or ruled the law;

Juries were pack'd, and judges were unsound;

Through the whole kingdom not one Pratt was found.

From the first moments of his giddy youth

He hated senates, for they told him truth.

At length, against his will compell'd to treat,

Those whom he could not fright, he strove to cheat;

With base dissembling every grievance heard,

And, often giving, often broke his word.

Oh, where shall hapless Truth for refuge fly,

If kings, who should protect her, dare to lie?

Those who, the general good their real aim,

Sought in their country's good their monarch's fame;

Those who were anxious for his safety; those

Who were induced by duty to oppose,

Their truth suspected, and their worth unknown,

He held as foes and traitors to his throne;

Nor found his fatal error till the hour

Of saving him was gone and past; till power

Had shifted hands, to blast his hapless reign,

Making their faith and his repentance vain.

Hence (be that curse confined to Gotham's foes!)

War, dread to mention, Civil War arose;

All acts of outrage, and all acts of shame,

Stalk'd forth at large, disguised with Honour's name;

Rebellion, raising high her bloody hand,

Spread universal havoc through the land;

With zeal for party, and with passion drunk,

In public rage all private love was sunk;

Friend against friend, brother 'gainst brother stood,

And the son's weapon drank the father's blood;

Nature, aghast, and fearful lest her reign

Should last no longer, bled in every vein.

Unhappy Stuart! harshly though that name

Grates on my ear, I should have died with shame

To see my king before his subjects stand,

And at their bar hold up his royal hand;

At their commands to hear the monarch plead,

By their decrees to see that monarch bleed.

What though thy faults were many and were great?

What though they shook the basis of the state?

In royalty secure thy person stood,

And sacred was the fountain of thy blood.

Vile ministers, who dared abuse their trust,

Who dared seduce a king to be unjust,

Vengeance, with Justice leagued, with Power made strong,

Had nobly crush'd--'The king could do no wrong.'

Yet grieve not, Charles! nor thy hard fortunes blame;

They took thy life, but they secured thy fame.

Their greatest crimes made thine like specks appear,

From which the sun in glory is not clear.

Hadst thou in peace and years resign'd thy breath

At Nature's call; hadst thou laid down in death

As in a sleep, thy name, by Justice borne

On the four winds, had been in pieces torn.

Pity, the virtue of a generous soul,

Sometimes the vice, hath made thy memory whole.

Misfortunes gave what Virtue could not give,

And bade, the tyrant slain, the martyr live.

Ye Princes of the earth! ye mighty few!

Who, worlds subduing, can't yourselves subdue;

Who, goodness scorn'd, wish only to be great;

Whose breath is blasting, and whose voice is fate;

Who own no law, no reason, but your will,

And scorn restraint, though 'tis from doing ill;

Who of all passions groan beneath the worst,

Then only bless'd when they make others cursed;

Think not, for wrongs like these, unscourged to live;

Long may ye sin, and long may Heaven forgive;

But when ye least expect, in sorrow's day,

Vengeance shall fall more heavy for delay;

Nor think that vengeance heap'd on you alone

Shall (poor amends!) for injured worlds atone;

No, like some base distemper, which remains,

Transmitted from the tainted father's veins,

In the son's blood, such broad and general crimes

Shall call down vengeance e'en to latest times,

Call vengeance down on all who bear your name,

And make their portion bitterness and shame.

From land to land for years compell'd to roam,

Whilst Usurpation lorded it at home,

Of majesty unmindful, forced to fly,

Not daring, like a king, to reign or die,

Recall'd to repossess his lawful throne,

More at his people's seeking than his own,

Another Charles succeeded. In the school

Of Travel he had learn'd to play the fool;

And, like pert pupils with dull tutors sent

To shame their country on the Continent,

From love of England by long absence wean'd,

From every court he every folly glean'd,

And was--so close do evil habits cling--

Till crown'd, a beggar; and when crown'd, no king.

Those grand and general powers, which Heaven design'd,

An instance of his mercy to mankind,

Were lost, in storms of dissipation hurl'd,

Nor would he give one hour to bless a world;

Lighter than levity which strides the blast,

And, of the present fond, forgets the past,

He changed and changed, but, every hope to curse,

Changed only from one folly to a worse:

State he resign'd to those whom state could please;

Careless of majesty, his wish was ease;

Pleasure, and pleasure only, was his aim;

Kings of less wit might hunt the bubble Fame;

Dignity through his reign was made a sport,

Nor dared Decorum show her face at court;

Morality was held a standing jest,

And Faith a necessary fraud at best.

Courtiers, their monarch ever in their view,

Possess'd great talents, and abused them too;

Whate'er was light, impertinent, and vain,

Whate'er was loose, indecent, and profane,

(So ripe was Folly, Folly to acquit)

Stood all absolved in that poor bauble, Wit.

In gratitude, alas! but little read,

He let his father's servants beg their bread--

His father's faithful servants, and his own,

To place the foes of both around his throne.

Bad counsels he embraced through indolence,

Through love of ease, and not through want of sense;

He saw them wrong, but rather let them go

As right, than take the pains to make them so.

Women ruled all, and ministers of state

Were for commands at toilets forced to wait:

Women, who have, as monarchs, graced the land,

But never govern'd well at second-hand.

To make all other errors slight appear,

In memory fix'd, stand Dunkirk[19] and Tangier;[20]

In memory fix'd so deep, that Time in vain

Shall strive to wipe those records from the brain,

Amboyna[21] stands--Gods! that a king could hold

In such high estimate vile paltry gold,

And of his duty be so careless found,

That when the blood of subjects from the ground

For vengeance call'd, he should reject their cry,

And, bribed from honour, lay his thunders by,

Give Holland peace, whilst English victims groan'd,

And butcher'd subjects wander'd unatoned!

Oh, dear, deep injury to England's fame,

To them, to us, to all! to him deep shame!

Of all the passions which from frailty spring,

Avarice is that which least becomes a king.

To crown the whole, scorning the public good,

Which through his reign he little understood,

Or little heeded, with too narrow aim

He reassumed a bigot brother's claim,

And having made time-serving senates bow,

Suddenly died--that brother best knew how.

No matter how--he slept amongst the dead,

And James his brother reigned in his stead:

But such a reign--so glaring an offence

In every step 'gainst freedom, law, and sense,

'Gainst all the rights of Nature's general plan,

'Gainst all which constitutes an Englishman,

That the relation would mere fiction seem,

The mock creation of a poet's dream;

And the poor bards would, in this sceptic age,

Appear as false as _their_ historian's page.

Ambitious Folly seized the seat of Wit,

Christians were forced by bigots to submit;

Pride without sense, without religion Zeal,

Made daring inroads on the Commonweal;

Stern Persecution raised her iron rod,

And call'd the pride of kings, the power of God;

Conscience and Fame were sacrificed to Rome,

And England wept at Freedom's sacred tomb.

Her laws despised, her constitution wrench'd

From its due natural frame, her rights retrench'd

Beyond a coward's sufferance, conscience forced,

And healing Justice from the Crown divorced,

Each moment pregnant with vile acts of power,

Her patriot Bishops sentenced to the Tower,

Her Oxford (who yet loves the Stuart name)

Branded with arbitrary marks of shame,

She wept--but wept not long: to arms she flew,

At Honour's call the avenging sword she drew,

Turn'd all her terrors on the tyrant's head,

And sent him in despair to beg his bread;

Whilst she, (may every State in such distress

Dare with such zeal, and meet with such success!)

Whilst she, (may Gotham, should my abject mind

Choose to enslave rather than free mankind,

Pursue her steps, tear the proud tyrant down,

Nor let me wear if I abuse the crown!)

Whilst she, (through every age, in every land,

Written in gold, let Revolution stand!)

Whilst she, secured in liberty and law,

Found what she sought, a saviour in Nassau.